This article discusses the necessity and reality of its property right reform on the basis of analyzing current property right structure of china's natural monopoly industries. 就中国自然垄断产业产权现状而言,产权改革确有其必要性与现实性。
But with the worsening of the trade climate, the gradual weakening of their right to set prices and the increasing cost of trade, they gradually lost their monopoly and withdrew from the historical stage. 但随着外贸环境的恶化、出口商品定价权的逐渐削弱以及交易成本渐次升高等矛盾的日渐突出,其外贸专营权逐步丧失,最终退出了历史舞台。
The causes of the difference are as follows: transformation from the theory of classic natural right to the theory of modern social right; transformation from freedom capital to monopoly capital; 造成这一分歧的主要原因有三:古典自然权利论向现代社会权利论转变,自由资本向垄断资本转变;
However this legal monopoly rights can often make the right holder form dominant position in related market, or expand inappropriately the range of monopoly right when exercising of his IP rights. Thus restricts the competition and damages social public interests. 但是,知识产权这种垄断权往往会使其拥有者在某一特定市场形成支配地位,或者在行使过程中不适当地扩张了垄断权的范围,从而限制了竞争,损害了社会公共利益。
The 3 factors including the technical barrier formed by the gas transmission techniques, the lawful barrier caused by the licensed operation right, and the singleness of the gas pipelines decide the inherent monopoly property of gas industry. 天然气输配技术所形成的技术性壁垒、特许经营权构成的法律壁垒和天然气输配管道的单一性3个因素共同决定了天然气产业中下游领域的自然垄断性。
The essay points out that patent right should be regulated by Monopoly Law when the exertion of patent goes beyond the scope of right and undermine the market competition, although to some extent patent in itself is a legal monopoly right. 本文指出,专利权虽然是一种合法的垄断性质的权利,但当专利权的行使超出权利范围并侵害竞争秩序时,就需要反垄断法予以追究。
Under conditions of imperfect competition, if firms are improperly allocated the initiate emission right, the efficiency of pollution control will be decreased because of monopoly. 在市场不完全竞争的情况下,如果企业的初始排污权配置不当,排污权交易的治理效率会由于垄断效应而降低。
Had the state entrusted right of monopoly operation under the planned economy system. 中国石化集团曾在计划体制下享有国家赋予的垄断经营权。
The current legal system of land grants strict limitation to the use right circulation of the rural collective construction land, resulting in the monopoly of state-owned land for land primary market. 现行土地法律制度对农村集体建设用地使用权的流转予以了严格限制,致使土地一级市场被国有用地所垄断。
Intellectual property rights as a proprietary right, its object is intangible products of human mental creation, and its specificity is in a certain range of time and space monopoly under the law. 知识产权作为一种专有权利,以人类脑力劳动创造的无形产品为客体,其特殊性在于法律赋予其在一定时间和空间范围内享有的垄断性。
The person of the intellectual property right is given in the monopoly right in some time in order to take back prevenient investment in virtue of right turn to commodity through licensing. The monopoly right is established for encouraging innovation, which is reasonable and prerequisite. 知识产权赋予权利人在一定时空的垄断权,使权利人通过许可的形式将前期投入借助权利的商品化得到回报,该垄断权原本是为了激励创新所创设的,是合理且必须的。
Eight investment group formed by the government, has a natural link with the government, the right to operate public utilities and property by the government-owned enterprise groups into all, deeper look, did not change the substance of monopoly. 八大投资集团是由政府组建,与政府有着天然的联系,公共事业的经营权和产权由政府所有转变为企业集团所有,从深层次看,垄断的实质并未改变。
The integration of patent technology and technology standard is an inevitable tendency in knowledge economy age. The patent right falls into private rights and demonstrates the characteristics of monopoly whereas technology standard is public and open, for which reason there is a essential conflict between them. 专利技术与技术标准融合是知识经济时代一种必然的趋势,专利是一种具有垄断性质的私权,而技术标准具公开性和开放性,两者在本质上存在冲突。
It is a right of monopoly exchanged by a public invention, with a nature of privity and monopoly. 是一种专利发明人以公开发明来换取法定的垄断的权利,具有私有性和垄断性。
Countries and jurists pay great attention to this issue because the patented products differ from the common goods in traditional international trade, containing patent right which is of monopoly. 之所以引起各国及法学家的极大关注,是由于专利产品不同于传统国际贸易中的一般货物,该产品上负载着具有一定垄断性质的专利权。
Patent is an exclusive right, through a certain period of time granted to the patentee of the commercial monopoly on the technology program in exchange for the public, thus promoting technical and socio-economic development. 专利权是一种独占性权利,它通过授予专利权人一定时期内商业上的垄断地位来换取其技术方案的公开,从而推动技术以及社会经济的发展。
Intellectual property rights ( herein after "IPR") per se is a legal right of monopoly and exclusiveness, which is designed to promote the progress of technology, the growth of our economy and the development of our society through stimulating creations and inventions. 知识产权本身作为一种合法的垄断权和独占权,其制度设计的目的就在于通过鼓励发明创造来推动科技进步、经济繁荣和社会发展。
Chinese government should quicken reforms of property right of state-owned enterprise, introduce competitive mechanism by breaking industry monopoly and fostering new competitive entity, and clamp down on illegal income monopolistic industries get through their monopoly position. 加快国企产权改革,破除行业垄断,扶植竞争实体,破立并举,引入行业竞争机制,坚决取缔行业因垄断而得来的非法收入。
The right of coinage wandered between "central government" and "shared by central government and local authorities" for a long time, but central government won the completely monopoly in the end. 铸币权长期在中央和中央-地方共有之间徘徊,但最终以中央的完全垄断收尾。